Development of the children's eating behaviour questionnaire

Individual differences in several aspects of eating style have been implicated in the development of weight problems in children and adults, but there are presently no reliable and valid scales that assess a range of dimensions of eating style. This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of a parent-rated instrument to assess eight dimensions of eating style in children; the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Constructs for inclusion were derived both from the existing literature on eating behaviour in children and adults, and from interviews with parents. They included reponsiveness to food, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, fussiness, emotional overeating, emotional undereating, and desire for drinks. A. large pool of items covering each of these: constructs was developed. The number of items was then successively culled through analysis of responses from three samples of families of young children (N = 131; N = 187, N = 218), to produce a 35-item instrument with eight scales which were internally valid and had good test-retest reliability. Investigation of variations by gender and age revealed only minimal gender differences in any aspect of eating style. Satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating diminished from age 3 to 8. Enjoyment of food and food responsiveness increased over this age range. The CEBQ should provide a useful measure of eating style for research into the early precursors of obesity or eating disorders. This is especially important in relation to the growing evidence for the heritability of obesity, where good measurement of the associated behavioural phenotype will be crucial in investigating the contribution of inherited variations in eating behaviour to the process of weight gain

Report on the Alternative Platform Observer Program in North Carolina: March 2006 to March 2007

In February 2006, an Alternative Platform Observer Program (APP) was implemented in North Carolina (NC) to observe commercial gillnet trips by small vessels [<24 ft (7.2 m)] in nearshore waters out to three nm (5.6 km). Efforts began with outreach to the fishing industry while simultaneously gathering information to be incorporated in a Database of Fishermen. From 30 March 2006 through 31 March 2007, 36 trips were observed. Observed trips of the NC nearshore gillnet fishery targeted seven species: kingfish (Menticirrhus spp.), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus), spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), and weakfish (Cynoscion regalis). Of the 36 trips, 20 (55.6%) were with vessels that were new to the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program (NEFOP), having never carried an observer. Based on the landings data for small vessels from North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (NCDMF), the APP has achieved 10.1% coverage by number of trips and 4.0% by pounds landed. No incidental takes of bottlenose dolphins were observed by the APP, although bottlenose dolphins were sighted during 19 (52.8%) observed trips. The APP has drastically increased the number of observed trips of small vessels in the nearshore waters of NC. When combined with trips observed by NEFOP (n=205), the APP resulted in a 15.6% increase in the number of observed gillnet trips. (PDF contains 34 pages

School Food Service Costs: Does Location Matter?

Over 30 million lunches and 9.8 million breakfasts are served every day to children in participating American schools through the USDA National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs. It is challenging for participating local school food authorities (SFAs) to serve appealing, healthful meals while covering food, labor, and other operating costs with USDA reimbursements. But it may be more difficult for some SFAs than others due to cost differences across locations. Analysis of data from a large national sample reveals that after controlling for differences in SFA characteristics, sharp differences in costs remained among rural, urban, and suburban SFAs and across regions. The highest costs occurred in Mid-Atlantic, suburban SFAs and the lowest cost existed in southwest, urban SFAs. Differences in food costs explained the largest share of this variation.school meal costs, cost function, SFA, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

USDA School Meal Programs Face New Challenges

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Toll Like Receptor 4 Stimulation Increases Scavenger Receptor A Expression On Murine Macrophages

Sepsis is the body’s response to an overwhelming infection and is a serious consequence of critical illness. It can cause tissue damage, organ failure, and death. Sepsis continues to have an unacceptably high mortality rate, due to the lack of effective treatments. Specific therapeutic targets for sepsis remain elusive since the complex functional changes that result in a septic state remain poorly understood. Macrophage Scavenger Receptor A (SRA, CD204) is a surface receptor that binds negatively charged, endogenous and exogenous ligands. We have discovered that SRA plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. We have shown that mice with SRA have increased inflammation, decreased survival, and increased bacterial burden compared to SRA deficient mice. We have also found an increase in the expression of SRA on monocytes and macrophages in septic wild type mice. To determine the mechanism responsible for increased SRA expression in sepsis we treated a mouse macrophage cell line, (J774a.1), with mediators that stimulate toll like receptors (TLRs), innate immune receptors which are activated in sepsis. The cells were cultured with ultra pure LPS (a TLR 4 ligand), PAM3CSK4 (a TLR 2 ligand), glucan (a Dectin-1 ligand), ultra pure LPS and PAM3CSK4, or ultra pure LPS and glucan for 24 hours. The cells were stained with an SRA antibody, and flow cytometry was used to measure the SRA expression for each treatment group. LPS treatment alone resulted in a significant increase in SRA expression when compared to control cells. Specifically, LPS increased SRA expression by 53.4% compared to media alone (

Paleomagnetism and Detrital Zircon Geochronology of the Skeena Group, British Columbia

The mid-Cretaceous Skeena Group of British Columbia is a sedimentary continental margin deposit that overlies the lower Jurassic Hazelton Group of the Stikine Terrane. Nine paleomagnetic sites were collected in 2006 and 2007, demagnetized thermally in 50-15°C steps, and high temperature components fit using principal component analysis. A new Ar40/Ar39 age of 93.9 ± 0.6 Ma for a flow of the Rocky Ridge Formation was also collected. Three volcanic sites of the Rocky Ridge Volcanics possess coherent magnetizations, but did not prove useful. Five of six sedimentary sites from the Rocher de Boule and Bulkley Canyon Formations appear more likely to retain a primary magnetization. Curie temperature analysis indicates the primary carrier of magnetic remanence is magnetite. Hysteresis and direct field demagnetization data indicate the magnetite is primarily multi-domain in the volcanic sites and possess a mix of single and multi-domain grains in the sedimentary rocks, which may account for the more likely primary remanence from the sedimentary formations When subjected to a bootstrap fold test, the sedimentary sites have maximum grouping at 40% untilting, but the hypotheses that the magnetization was acquired either before or after tilting cannot be rejected at the 95% confidence level. An inclination-only paleolatitude analysis was used to estimate paleolatitude as different declinations between sites suggest rotation between sites. The resulting paleolatitude for the Skeena Group is ~57°± 21°. This is equivalent to a location ~1150 ± 2000 km south of the expected latitude with respect to North America. Uranium-lead ages of detrital zircons from a sample of the Rocher de Boule Formation were obtained using laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry. These ages form several Mesozoic peaks indicating that the majority of zircons came from Stikine terrane units and Mesozoic arc volcanism. A Mississippian peak with some Proterozoic aged grains suggests a source from the Yukon-Tanana terrane. No Archean-aged grains were found

The National School Lunch Program: Background, Trends, and Issues

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is the Nation’s second largest food and nutrition assistance program. In 2006, it operated in over 101,000 public and nonprofit private schools and provided over 28 million low-cost or free lunches to children on a typical school day at a Federal cost of $8 billion for the year. This report provides background information on the NSLP, including historical trends and participant characteristics. It also addresses steps being taken to meet challenges facing administrators of the program, including tradeoffs between nutritional quality of foods served, costs, and participation, as well as between program access and program integrity.National School Lunch Program, child nutrition, obesity, food assistance, Agricultural and Food Policy, Health Economics and Policy, Public Economics,

The adaptive leadership of social media influencers related to Covid-19

Purpose: Social media brings the whole of the world right into our lives and devices. Sharing common experiences helps normalize our feelings of confusion and a loss of control especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This conceptual paper uses content analysis to explore two YouTube influencers, Randy Rainbow and Chris Mann, in how they produce content and provide adaptive leadership to the general public through hope and resilience. Results: Social media influencers have emerged as adaptive leaders and have provided humor and levity during the challenging times of COVID-19. Influencers are content creators that entertain, inspire, and inform their followers through social media platforms. This conceptual paper uses content analysis to explore two YouTube influencers, Randy Rainbow and Chris Mann, in how they produce content and provide adaptive leadership to the general public through hope and resilience. Implications: The social media influencers highlighted personify the adaptive leadership theory of observing from the balcony while interacting on the dance floor. Through the brilliance of their craft these influencers provide clever and entertaining messages of hope with alacrity

Literature Survey of Radiochemical Cross-section Data Below 425 Mev

Literature survey of radiochemical cross sections below 425 Me